Mechanical Properties of Mini-Implants Used in Extra-Radicular Anchorage

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the mechanical properties of mini-implants (MIs) manufactured from stainless steel and compare them with conventional titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy MIs. Material and Methods: The following groups were formed: G1 (n=24), 8×1.5 mm steel MIs; G2 (n=24), 12×2.0 mm steel MIs; and G3 (n=24), 10×1.5 mm titanium MIs. The 72 MIs were inserted in the infra zygomatic crest region of the maxilla and retromolar trigone in the jaw of 10 pigs. Pull-out, insertion torque, fracture and percussion tests were performed in order to measure the tensile strength, primary stability and fracture strength of MIs. A digital torque gauge was used to measure insertion and fracture torque, a universal mechanical testing machine was used for pull-out testing and a periotest device was used to measure the micromovement of MIs. For morphological and MI component evaluation, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed. D'Agostino & Pearson, Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunn post-hoc and normality tests were used. Results: G2 insertion and fracture torques were significantly higher than G1 and G3 insertion and fracture torques (p<0.05). The pull-out and percussion tests presented similar values among the groups. SEM revealed that the fracture point was predominantly on the fourth thread for steel MIs (G1 and G2) and on the seventh thread for titanium-aluminum-vanadium MIs (G3). Conclusion: The mechanical properties of stainless steel MIs are superior to those of titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy MIs.

Endodontic cement penetration after removal of calcium hydroxide dressing using XP-endo finisher

Abstract: We aimed to evaluate the penetration of endodontic cement following the removal of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) dressing using the XP-endo Finisher in association with different irrigating solutions. Sixty premolars were instrumented and applied with a Ca(OH)2 dressing. To remove Ca(OH)2, the teeth were divided into six groups, each with a different volume of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), as well as solution stirring time with XP-endo Finisher (0, 30, and 60 sec). Root canals were filled using the lateral condensation technique. Fluorescein dye was added to the cement for microscopic laser scanning analysis. In the generated images, linear measurements were taken in micrometers, and their averages were calculated. To analyze the perimeter penetration ratio of the cement, the total perimeter of the canal and the segment of the total perimeter of the canal where the endodontic cement penetrated into the dentinal tubules were measured in micrometers. We found that using an XP-endo Finisher in irrigation was more effective than using a needle and syringe during the extension and penetration of endodontic cement. Shaking with XP-endo Finisher with 17% EDTA increased the extent and perimeter of the penetration of the endodontic cement into the dentinal tubules. However, using the XP-endo Finisher with EDTA only was more efficient than using the instrument interchangeably in NaOCl and EDTA. Although XP-endo Finisher contributes to the removal of Ca(OH)2, none of the protocols or instruments used removed all Ca(OH)2 from the root system.

Influence of Class II Elastics on Centric Relation and Centric Occlusion Discrepancy after Orthodontic Treatment / Influencia de los Elásticos de Clase II sobre la Discrepancia de Relación Céntrica para la Oclusión Céntrica Después del Tratamiento Ortodóncico

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to verify the influence of the use of Class II intermaxillary elastics on centric relation (CR) to centric occlusion (CO) occlusal discrepancy. A total of 30 patients had been at the contention stage for at least three months were divided in two groups: G1 - 15 had been submitted to intramaxillary orthodontic mechanics only, and G2 - 15 had used Class II intermaxillary elastics. Distances of horizontal and vertical overlap and the distance or coincidence of the mandibular dental midline in relation to the maxillary midline were measured in CR and CO positions. Intergroup comparisons were performed using the Mann-Whitney test. No statistically significant differences (P>0.05) were found between G1 and G2. Both in the horizontal and vertical directions, these discrepancies were smaller than or equal to 1mm in 96.66 % of the patients. In the transverse plane, there was no discrepancy in 63.33 % of the patients, and in 33.33 % these discrepancies were equal to 0.5 mm. The use of Class II elastic didn't be capable of increasing the occlusal discrepancies between CR and CO.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar la influencia del uso de los elásticos intermaxilares Clase II en la discrepancia oclusal entre la relación céntrica (RC) y la oclusión céntrica (OC). Un total de 30 pacientes que permanecieron en la fase de contención durante al menos tres meses se dividieron en dos grupos: G1 - 15 fueron sometidos solamente a la mecánica ortodóncica intramaxilar, y G2 - 15 habían utilizado elásticos de clase II intermaxilar. Se midieron las distancias de traslapo horizontal y vertical y la distancia o coincidencia de la línea mediana dentaria mandibular con respecto a la línea mediana maxilar en las posiciones RC y OC. Las comparaciones entre grupos se realizaron mediante la prueba de Mann-Whitney. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (P> 0.05) entre G1 y G2. Tanto en las direcciones horizontal como vertical, estas discrepancias fueron menores o iguales a 1 mm en el 96,66 % de los pacientes. En el plano transversal, no hubo discrepancia en el 63,33 % de los pacientes, y en un 33,33 % estas discrepancias fueron iguales a 0,5 mm. El uso de la clase II elástica no logró aumentar las discrepancias entre RC y OC.

Effects of rapid maxillary expansion in cleft patients resulting from the use of two different expanders

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the skeletal and dental effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) in cleft patients using two types of expanders. Methods: Twenty unilateral cleft lip and palate patients were randomly divided into two groups, according to the type of expander used: (I) modified Hyrax and (II) inverted Mini-Hyrax. A pretreatment cone-beam computed tomographic image (T0) was taken as part of the initial orthodontic records and three months after RME, for bone graft planning (T1). Results: In general, there was no significant difference among groups (p > 0.05). Both showed a significant transverse maxillary expansion (p < 0.05) and no significant forward and/or downward movement of the maxilla (p > 0.05). There was greater dental crown than apical expansion. Maxillary posterior expansion tended to be larger than anterior opening (p < 0.05). Cleft and non-cleft sides were symmetrically expanded and there was no difference in dental tipping between both sides (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The appliances tested are effective in the transverse expansion of the maxilla. However, these appliances should be better indicated to cleft cases also presenting posterior transverse discrepancy, since there was greater expansion in the posterior maxillary region than in the anterior one.

RESUMO Objetivo: o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos esqueléticos e dentários da expansão rápida da maxila (ERM) em pacientes fissurados, utilizando dois tipos de disjuntores. Métodos: vinte pacientes com fissura labiopalatal unilateral foram aleatoriamente divididos em dois grupos, de acordo com o tipo de aparelho utilizado: (1) Hyrax modificado e (2) Mini-Hyrax invertido. Tomografias computadorizadas de feixe cônico foram obtidas antes do tratamento (T0), como parte da documentação ortodôntica inicial, e três meses após a ERM, para o planejamento de enxertia óssea (T1). Resultados: não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos (p>0,05). Ambos apresentaram significativa expansão transversal da maxila (p<0,05), sem significativa movimentação anterior e/ou inferior da maxila (p>0,05). Houve uma maior expansão transversal das coroas em relação à expansão nos ápices. A tendência observada foi uma maior expansão na região posterior da maxila, em comparação à anterior (p<0,05). Avaliando o deslocamento dos lados fissurado e não fissurado, a expansão ocorreu de maneira simétrica e não houve diferença na inclinação dentária entre os lados (p>0,05). Conclusões: os aparelhos testados são eficazes na expansão transversal da maxila em pacientes fissurados. Porém, esses aparelhos seriam melhor indicados para casos de fissura labiopalatal com atresia transversal posterior, uma vez que a expansão foi maior na região posterior da maxila do que na região anterior.

Incisor proclination and gingival recessions: is there a relationship?

Aim: To test the hypothesis that there is no relationship between the amount of vestibular inclination of mandibular incisors and the appearance of gingival recession in this region. Methods: This study included 20 patients selected in accordance with the following inclusion criteria: 1. adult patients without gingival recession in the mandibular incisors before treatment (T0), 2. no previous orthodontic treatment, 3. treated without tooth extraction in the mandibular arch, 4. bonded mandibular splinting from one canine to another after the active stage of orthodontic treatment (T1), 5. no visible wear of the incisal edge of the mandibular incisors, 6. Pre- and post-treatment teleradiography and plaster casts, and plaster casts 3 years post-treatment (T2). Depending on the amount of inclination of the mandibular incisors after treatment, the sample was divided into two groups: Group 1- 10 individuals (IMPA T1-T0 ≤ 5˚) and Group 2- 10 individuals (IMPA T1-T0 > 5˚). The measurement of length of the clinical crown (LCC) of the four mandibular incisors, distance between the incisal edge and vestibular marginal gingiva were made in plaster casts at T0, T1 and T2. Results: In spite of Group 1 presenting a reduction in LCC at T2, there was no statistically significant difference in LCC in the 3 time intervals evaluated in the two groups. Conclusions: The null hypothesis was accepted. The variation in the amount of vestibular inclination of the mandibular incisors during orthodontic treatment and 3 years after conclusion of treatment did not promote the appearance of gingival recessions in this group of patients (Au)

Filling Effectiveness and Dentinal Penetration of Endodontic Sealers: A Stereo and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy Study

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the filling effectiveness and dentinal penetration of the sealers AH Plus, Pulp Canal Sealer EWT, Sealapex and MTA Fillapex applied according to the vertical condensation technique using thermoplastic gutta-percha. Forty single-rooted teeth were selected. After chemical-mechanical preparation and root-canal filling, sections of the root (2, 4 and 6 mm from the apex) were obtained and analyzed by stereo microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Data were tabulated and statistically analyzed. With regard to the assessment of void spaces in the filling material at 2 mm from the apex, the sealers showed similar results, but at 4 and 6 mm from the apex, MTA Fillapex had inferior performance compared to AH Plus (at 4 mm), Pulp Canal Sealer EWT (at 4 and 6 mm) and Sealapex (at 6 mm) (p<0.05). With regard to the penetration into dentinal tubules at 2 mm from the apex, the sealers also showed similar results, but at 4 and 6 mm Pulp Canal Sealer EWT had an inferior performance compared to MTA Fillapex and AH Plus, respectively (p<0.05). All four sealers were found to be similar regarding adaptation of the filling material to the root canal walls, except the MTA Fillapex, which showed failures at 4 and 6 mm from the root apex. With regard to the ability to penetrate into the dentinal tubules, the sealers were found to be equivalent, except for the Pulp Canal Sealer EWT as it had poorer results at 4 and 6 mm compared to MTA Fillapex and AH Plus, respectively.

Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a efetividade da obturação e capacidade de penetração no interior dos túbulos dentinários dos cimentos: AH Plus, Pulp Canal Sealer EWT, Sealapex e MTA Fillapex, associado à técnica de obturação da condensação vertical da guta-percha termoplastificada. Selecionou-se 40 dentes unirradiculados. Após o preparo químico-mecânico e obturação, secções das raízes (a 2, 4 e 6 mm do ápice) foram obtidas e analisadas através de microscopia estéreo e confocal de varredura a laser. Os dados foram tabulados e analisados estatisticamente. Em relação à avaliação de espaços vazios na obturação a 2 mm, os cimentos apresentaram resultados similares, entretanto a 4 e 6 mm MTA Fillapex apresentou desempenho inferior em relação a AH Plus (a 4 mm), Pulp Canal Sealer EWT (a 4 e 6 mm) e Sealapex (a 6 mm) (p<0,05). Em relação à capacidade de penetração nos túbulos dentinários a 2 mm, os cimentos apresentaram resultados similares, contudo a 4 e 6 mm, o Pulp Canal Sealer EWT mostrou-se inferior ao MTA Fillapex e AH Plus, respectivamente (p<0,05). Os quatro cimentos foram similares em relação à adaptação da obturação nas paredes dos canais radiculares, exceto o MTA Fillapex, que evidenciou falhas a 4 e 6 mm. Na capacidade de penetração nos túbulos dentinários, os cimentos foram equivalentes, exceto o Pulp Canal Sealer EW que se mostrou inferior a 4 e 6 mm, quando comparado com MTA Fillapex e AH Plus, respectivamente.

Expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers at the invasive front of oral squamous cell carcinoma

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common malignances. In epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), epithelial cells switch to mesenchymal-like cells exhibiting high mobility. This migratory phenotype is significant during tumor invasion and metastasis. Objective : The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of the EMT markers E-cadherin, N-cadherin and vimentin in OSCC. Material and Methods : Immunohistochemical detection of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and vimentin was performed on 20 OSCC samples. Differences in the expression of each protein at the invasive front (IF) and in the central/superficial areas (CSA) of the tumor were assessed. Differences in the expression of each protein at the IF of both histologically high- and low-invasive OSCCs were evaluated. Associations among expression of proteins at the IF were assessed. Correlations between the expression levels of each protein at the IF and the tumor stage and clinical nodal status were also evaluated. Results : Reduced expression of E-cadherin was detected in 15 samples (75%). E-cadherin expression was reduced at the IF when compared to the CSA and in high-invasive tumors when compared to low-invasive tumors. All samples were negative for N-cadherin, even though one sample showed an inconspicuous expression. Positive expression of vimentin was observed in 6 samples (30%). Nevertheless, there was no difference in vimentin expression between the IF and the CSA regions or between the low- and high-invasive tumors. Furthermore, no association was observed among protein expression levels at the IF. Finally, no correlations were observed between each protein’s expression levels and tumor stage or clinical nodal status. Conclusions : Reduced E-cadherin expression at the IF and its association with histological invasiveness suggest that this protein is a noteworthy EMT marker in OSCC. Although vimentin was also detected as an EMT marker, its expression was ...

Evaluation of Apical Contamination in Teeth with Prefabricated Posts Fixed with Different Dental Cements

To assess the sealing capacity of different dental cements regarding apical microleakage on teeth with prefabricated posts. Material and Methods:Forty-eight single-rooted teeth were selectedand, after having their coronal part removed at 10mm standard, underwent endodontic cleaning and preparation. The space for the post was prepared with # 3 Largo bur at 7 mm standard value. The study included the following groups: Group I, post prefabricated with # 1 intracanal glass fiber cemented with zinc phosphate cement (n = 12); Group II, post prefabricated with # 1 intracanal glass fiber cemented with conventional glass ionomer cement, Vidrion C (n = 12); Group III, post prefabricated with # 1 intracanal glass fiber cemented with chemical action resin cement, Multilink (n = 12). Two groups of six teeth each were also included, one as negative control group and the other as positive control. After cementing, teeth were tested through a dual-chamber experimental model, using Enterococcus Faecalis for apical contamination. Results:The control groups behaved as expected: positive control group with total contamination in 11 days and negative control group without any contaminated specimen within observation time of 60 days. Group I showed microleakage in all specimens for up to 29 days (100%)...

Group II and Group III showed microleakage in 50 and 49 specimens (83.33% and 75%) respectively along the research time of 60 days. Group 1 showed microleakage in all specimens for up to 29 days (100%). Group 2 and Group 3 showed microleakage in 50 and 49 specimens (83.33% and 75%) respectively along the research time of 60 days. The Log-Rank test showed differences between Groups 1 and 2 (p<0.05) and between Groups 1and 3 (p<0.05). However, there was no difference between Groups 2 and 3 (p> 0.05). The results showed higher delay in bacterial infiltration in Groups 2 and 3 when compared to Group 1.Conclusion:No cement completely prevented infiltration during the experimental period. Zinc phosphate cement had the lowest apical sealing capacity while glass ionomer cement and resin cement showed similar results...

Physical and chemical properties of orthodontic brackets after 12 and 24 months: in situ study

Objective: The aim of this article was to assess how intraoral biodegradation influenced the surface characteristics and friction levels of metallic brackets used during 12 and 24 months of orthodontic treatment and also to compare the static friction generated in these brackets with four different methods of the ligation of orthodontic wires. Material and Methods: Seventy premolar brackets as received from the manufacturer and 224 brackets that were used in previous orthodontic treatments were evaluated in this experiment. The surface morphology and the composition of the deposits found in the brackets were evaluated with rugosimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Friction was analyzed by applying tensile tests simulating sliding mechanics with a 0.019x0.025" steel wire. The static friction levels produced by the following ligation methods were evaluated: loosely attached steel ligature around all four bracket wings, steel ligature attached to only two wings, conventional elastomeric ligation around all 4 bracket wings, and non-conventional Slide® elastomeric ligature. Results: The results demonstrated the presence of biodegradation effects such as corrosion pits, plastic deformation, cracks, and material deposits. The main chemical elements found on these deposits were Carbon and Oxygen. The maximum friction produced by each ligation method changed according to the time of intraoral use. The steel ligature loosely attached to all four bracket wings produced the lowest friction levels in the new brackets. The conventional elastic ligatures generated the highest friction levels. The metallic brackets underwent significant degradation during orthodontic treatment, showing an increase in surface roughness and the deposit of chemical elements on the surface. Conclusion: The levels of static friction decreased with use. The non-conventional elastic ligatures were the best alternative to ...

Comparison of static friction with self-ligating, modified slot design and conventional brackets

OBJECTIVE: To compare the static frictional forces generated at the bracket/wire interface of stainless steel brackets with different geometries and angulations, combined with orthodontic wires of different diameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The frictional forces were evaluated with three different types of metal brackets: a passive self-ligating (SmartClipTM, 3M/Unitek, Monrovia, USA), with a modified slot design (Mini Uni TwinTM, 3M/Unitek, Monrovia, USA) and conventional (Kirium, Abzil, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil). The samples were mounted in a testing device with three different angulations and tested with 0.014" and 0.018" stainless steel wires (American Orthodontics, Sheboygan, USA). The static frictional force was measured using a universal testing machine (DL 500, EMIC®, São José dos Pinhais, Brazil) with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Statistical analysis was performed by two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's post hoc test. RESULTS: There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in static friction when the three types of brackets were tested with the same wire size. The wire diameter influenced friction only when the brackets had a 10º angulation (p<0.05). The angulation influenced friction (p<0.05) when the brackets were associated with a 0.018" wire. CONCLUSION: Brackets with a modified slot design showed intermediate static frictional force values between the conventional and self-ligating brackets tested. .

Stromal myofibroblasts in focal reactive overgrowths of the gingiva

Focal reactive overgrowths are among the most common oral mucosal lesions. The gingiva is a significant site affected by these lesions, when triggered by chronic inflammation in response to microorganisms in dental plaque. Myofibroblasts are differentiated fibroblasts that actively participate in diseases characterized by tissue fibrosis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of stromal myofibroblasts in the main focal reactive overgrowths of the gingiva: focal fibrous hyperplasia (FFH), peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF), pyogenic granuloma (PG), and peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG). A total of 10 FFHs, 10 POFs, 10 PGs, and 10 PGCGs from archival specimens were evaluated. Samples of gingival mucosa were used as negative controls for stromal myofibroblasts. Oral squamous cell carcinoma samples, in which stromal myofibroblasts have been previously detected, were used as positive controls. Myofibroblasts were identified by immunohistochemical detection of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-sma). Myofibroblast immunostaining was qualitatively classified as negative, scanty, or dense. Differences in the presence of myofibroblasts among FFH, POF, PG, and PGCG were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Stromal myofibroblasts were not detected in FFH, POF, PG, or PGCG. Consequently, no differences were observed in the presence of myofibroblasts among FFH, POF, PG, or PGCG (p > 0.05). In conclusion, stromal myofibroblasts were not detected in the focal reactive overgrowths of the gingiva that were evaluated, suggesting that these cells do not play a significant role in their pathogenesis.

Cell proliferation and apoptosis in ameloblastomas and keratocystic odontogenic tumors

A high proliferative activity of the odontogenic epithelium in ameloblastoma (AM) and keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KOT) has been demonstrated. However, no previous study has simultaneously evaluated cell proliferation and apoptotic indexes in AM and KOT, comparing both lesions. The aim of this study was to assess and compare cell proliferation and apoptotic rates between these two tumors. Specimens of 11 solid AM and 11 sporadic KOT were evaluated. The proliferation index (PI) was assessed by immunohistochemical detection of Ki-67 and the apoptotic index (AI) by methyl green-pyronine and in situ DNA nick end-labelling methods. KOT presented a higher PI than AM (p<0.05). No statistically significant difference was found in the AI between AM and KOT. PI and AI were higher in the peripheral cells of AM and respectively in the suprabasal and superficial layers of KOT. In conclusion, KOT showed a higher cell proliferation than AM and the AI was similar between these tumors. These findings reinforce the classification of KOT as an odontogenic tumor and should contribute to its aggressive clinical behavior.

Uma elevada atividade proliferativa do epitélio odontogênico em ameloblastoma (AM) e tumor odontogênico ceratocístico (TOC) tem sido demonstrada. Entretanto, não há estudos prévios avaliando simultaneamente os índices de proliferação celular e apoptótico em AM e TOC, comparando ambas as lesões. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar e comparar os índices de proliferação celular e apoptótico entre esses dois tumores. Onze amostras deAM sólido e 11 amostras de TOC esporádico foram avaliadas. O índice de proliferação celular foi avaliado por meio da imunomarcação para o antígeno Ki-67 e o índice apoptótico pelas técnicas demetyl-green-pironina e TUNEL. O TOC apresentou um índice de proliferação celular maior que o AM (p<0,05). Nenhuma diferença estatística foi encontrada no índice apoptótico entre AM e TOC. Os índices de proliferação celular e apoptótico foram maiores nas células da camada periférica do AM e, respectivamente, nas camadas suprabasal e superficial do TOC. Em conclusão, o TOC apresentou proliferação celular maior que o AM e o índice apoptótico foi similar entre estes tumores. Estes achados reforçam a classificação do TOC como um tumor odontogênico e podem contribuir para o seu comportamento clínico agressivo.

Cemental tear: a case report with nonsurgical periodontal therapy / Dilaceração cementária: relato de caso clínico com terapia periodontal não cirúrgica

PURPOSE: To report a case of cemental tear, a rare periodontal condition characterized by total or partial separation of the dental cementum, mainly addressing issues related to its diagnosis and treatment. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 50 years-old man sought dental assistance complaining of pain located in the mandibular left second premolar that showed a 4 mm probing depth with the presence of a foreign body in the distal gingival sulcus. Radiographic examination demonstrated a slight radiopaque fragment detached from the root. The fragment was removed without a periodontal flap. Histopathological examination was performed and evidenced the presence of a cementum fragment with cementum lamellae, cementocytes, and adhered periodontal ligament fibers, confirming the diagnosis of cemental tear. CONCLUSION: After a follow-up of 2 years, the nonsurgical periodontal therapy showed satisfactory clinical and radiographic outcome. Therefore, this approach should be a suitable and predictable treatment modality for the cemental tear.

OBJETIVO: Relatar um caso de dilaceração cementária, uma condição periodontal rara caracterizada pela separação total ou parcial do cemento dental, abordando principalmente aspectos relativos ao seu diagnóstico e tratamento. DESCRIÇÃO DO CASO: Um homem de 50 anos procurou assistência odontológica queixando-se de dor localizada no segundo molar inferior que apresentava profundidade de sondagem de 4 mm com presença de um corpo estranho no sulco gengival da face distal. O exame radiográfico demonstrou um fragmento radiopaco destacado da raiz. O fragmento foi removido sem cirurgia periodontal. O exame histopatológico demonstrou tratar-se de um fragmento de cemento com presença de lamelas cementárias, cementócitos e fibras do ligamento periodontal, confirmando o diagnóstico de dilaceração cementária. CONCLUSÃO: Após dois anos, o tratamento periodontal não cirúrgico demonstrou aspectos clínicos e radiográficos satisfatórios. Portanto, a terapia periodontal não cirúrgica pode ser uma modalidade de tratamento adequada e previsível para a dilaceração cementária.

Effect of vegetable oil (Brazil nut oil) and mineral oil (liquid petrolatum) on dental biofilm control

Dental biofilm control represents a basic procedure to prevent caries and the occurrence of periodontal diseases. Currently, toothbrushes and dentifrices are used almost universally, and the employment of good oral hygiene allows for appropriate biofilm removal by both mechanical and chemical control. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of adding vegetable or mineral oil to a commercially available dentifrice in dental biofilm control. A comparison using the Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHI-S) was performed in 30 individuals who were randomly divided into three groups. Group 1 (G1) received a commercially available dentifrice; the composition of this dentifrice was modified by addition of mineral oil (Nujol®) for group 2 (G2) or a vegetable oil (Alpha Care®) for group 3 (G3) at 10 percent of the total volume, respectively. The two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (two-way ANOVA) was used to test the effect of group (G1, G2 and G3) or time (baseline, 45 days and 90 days) on the OHI-S index scores. Statistical analysis revealed a significant reduction in the OHI-S at day 90 in G2 (p < 0.05) and G3 (p < 0.0001) in comparison to G1. Therefore, the addition of a vegetable or a mineral oil to a commercially available dentifrice improved dental biofilm control, suggesting that these oils may aid in the prevention and/or control of caries and periodontal disease.

Processos proliferativos não neoplásicos gengivais / Focal reactive overgrowths of the gingiva a review of the literature

A mucosa gengival pode desenvolver processos proliferativos não neoplásicos secundários ao processo inflamatório desencadeado pela ação de irritantes locais. Entre esses processos, destacam-se hiperplasia fibrosa focal, granu- loma piogênico, fibroma ossificante periférico e lesão periférica de células gigantes. 0 objetivo desta revisão foi abordar etiopatogenia, características clínicas, características histopatológicas, tratamento e prognóstico destas lesões, enfatizando a importância do conhecimento destes processos patológicos para a prática clínica odontológica.

Estudo retrospectivo do carcinoma epidermóide de boca em dois serviços bucal de Belo Horizonte/MG / Retrospective study of the oral squamous cell carcinoma in two oral pathology services from Belo Horizonte/MG

O carcinoma epidermóide de boca (CEB) é a neoplasia maligna mais frequente nessa região anatômica. Verificamos neste trabalho o número de casos de CEB no período de 1953 a 2003; a concordância entre o diagnóstico clínico e o histólogico; os dados epidemiológicos quanto a cor de pele, sexo, faixa etária, localização anatômica e profissão, tendo por base o arquivo dos Serviços de Patologia Bucal da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerias (FO-UFMG) e Faculdade de Odontologia da Pontifícia Universidade Católoca de Minas Gerais (FO-PUC Minas) . Foram avaliados 340 casos. O índice de discrepância entre o diagnóstico clínico e o histológico foi de 39,7%. Houve aumento no número de relatos de CEB no período de 1953 a 2003, sendo mais frequente na faixa etária entre 50 e 69 anos, com perdomínio entre brancos do sexo masculino, envolvendo sítios múltiplos (23,0%) e em indivíduos de profissões variadas. O diagnóstico histológico do CEB tem disparidade com o diagnóstico clínico, e os dados epidemiológicos são semelhantes aos de outras populações.

EBV-1 and HCMV in aggressive periodontitis in Brazilian patients

The purpose of the present investigation was to compare the presence of Epstein-Barr virus type 1 (EBV-1) and of Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in crevicular fluid samples from deep and shallow periodontal pocket sites of Brazilian patients with aggressive periodontitis. A total of 30 systemically healthy patients with aggressive periodontitis participated in the study. Paper points were inserted into 2 gingivitis sites (< 3 mm) and into 2 periodontitis sites (> 5 mm) in each patient. PCR assay was used to identify genomic copies of HCMV and EBV-1. Twenty-three patients (77 percent) were positive for EBV-1, while only 2 patients (6 percent) were positive for HCMV. The McNemar test revealed a positive association between EBV-1 and periodontal lesions (p = 0.043). Thirty-four (57 percent) out of 60 periodontitis sites were positive for EBV-1, whereas 18 (30 percent) gingivitis sites were positive (p = 0.01). Only two sites (6.7 percent) were positive for HCMV. No positive association was found between HCMV and periodontitis or gingivitis (p = 0.479). The elevated occurrence of EBV-1 DNA in periodontal pockets of patients with aggressive periodontitis supports a possible periodontopathic role of this virus.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar a presença do vírus Epstein-Barr tipo 1 (EBV-1) e do Citomegalovírus Humano (HCMV) em amostras de fluido crevicular de bolsas periodontais rasas e profundas de pacientes brasileiros com periodontite agressiva. Trinta pacientes sistemicamente saudáveis com periodontite agressiva participaram deste estudo. Cones de papel foram inseridos em 2 sítios de gengivite (< 3 mm) e em 2 sítios de periodontite (> 5 mm) de cada paciente. Reações de PCR foram usadas para identificar cópias de DNA genômico de HCMV e EBV-1. Em 23 pacientes (77 por cento), os testes foram positivos para EBV-1, enquanto apenas 2 pacientes (6 por cento) foram positivos para HCMV. O teste de McNemar apontou associação positiva entre EBV-1 e lesões periodontais (p = 0,043). Trinta e quatro (57 por cento) dos 60 sítios de periodontites foram positivos para o EBV-1, enquanto 18 (30 por cento) dos sítios de gengivites foram positivos (p = 0,01). Apenas 2 sítios (6,7 por cento) foram positivos para o HCMV. Não foi encontrada associação positiva entre HCMV e periodontite ou gengivite (p = 0,479). A alta ocorrência de DNA de EBV-1 em bolsas periodontais de pacientes com periodontite agressiva corrobora a possível função periodontopática deste vírus.